|
Chemical Releases |
|
Common cooking temperatures |
|
1202℉/650℃ |
CF4 (carbon tetrafluoride): Global warming gas; affects heart, lungs, and nervous system [1]. |
|
Broiling temperature for high-end ovens [7]. |
1500℉/816℃ |
|
1112℉/600℃ |
CF3COF (trifluoroacetic acid fluoride): degrades to HF & TFA
OFCB (octafluorocyclobutane): Linked to heart palpitations
PFB (perfluorobutane): Global warming gas [1]. |
|
Drip pans in stovetop burner
Gas flame on range top [8]. |
1000℉/538℃ |
|
932℉/500℃ |
COF2 (carbonyl fluoride): fluorinated version of chemical warfare agent
HF (hydrogen fluoride): Corrosive gas. Kills tissue on contact [2]. |
|
Electric coil on range top [8]. |
800℉/427℃ |
|
887℉/475℃ |
PFIB (perfluoroisobutene): Chemical warfare agent [3]. |
|
Surface temperature of PTFE-coated pan after heating for 8 minutes on conventional stove [9]. |
750℉/399℃ |
|
878℉/470℃ |
SiF4 (silica tetrafluoride): highly toxic by |
|
Preheated grill [10]. |
700℉/371℃ |
|
680℉/360℃ |
Toxic gasses released:
TFE (tetrafluoroethylene): animal carcinogen
HFP (hexafluoropropene): worker toxicant
TFA (trifluoroacetic acid): poisonous to plants
DFA (difluoroacetic acid): Animal kidney toxicant
MFA (monofluoroacetic acid): lethal to humans at low doses
PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid): animal carcinogen [4]. |
|
Birds killed in DuPont lab experiments [5]. |
536℉/280℃ |
|
554℉/290℃ |
Ultrafine particulates released (oxidized PTFE particles) [5]. |
|
Searing temperature for meat in oven or grill
Maximum temperature for many ovens |
500℉/260℃ |
|
464℉/240℃ |
Lowest temperature at which PTFE particles have been measured [6]. |
|
Temperature of PTFE-coated light bulbs under which Missouri birds died [11]. |
396℉/202℃ |
|
|
|
|
Common baking temperature |
350℉/177℃ |
|
|
|
|
Birds died from preheated oven [12]. |
325℉/162℃ |
http://www.ewg.org/reports/toxicteflon/
References
[1] Arito, H and Soda, R. 1977. Pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene and
polyfluoroethylenepropylene with reference to inhalation toxicity. Ann Occup Hyg 20(3): 247-55.
[2] Scheel, LD., Lane, WC and Coleman, WE. 1968. The toxicity of polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis
products including carbonyl fluoride and a reaction product, silicon tetrafluoride. Am Ind Hyg
Assoc J 29(1): 41-8.
[3] Waritz, RS and Kwon, BK. 1968. The inhalation toxicity of pyrolysis products of
polytetrafluoroethylene heated below 500 degrees centigrade. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 29(1): 19-26.
[4] Ellis, DA., Mabury, SA., Martin, JW and Muir, DC. 2001. Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a
potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment. Nature 412(6844): 321-4.
[5] Waritz, RS. 1975. An industrial approach to evaluation of pyrolysis and combustion hazards.
Environ Health Perspect 11: 197-202.
[6] Seidel, WC., Scherer, KV, Jr.., Cline, D, Jr.., Olson, AH., Bonesteel, JK., Church, DF., Nuggehalli, S
and Pryor, WA. 1991. Chemical, physical, and toxicological characterization of fumes produced by
heating tetrafluoroethene homopolymer and its copolymers with hexafluoropropene and
perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether). Chem Res Toxicol 4(2): 229-36.
[7] Viking. Professional Series VGSC. Available online at:
http://www.vikingrange.com/cooking/vgsc36.html.
[8] Smart Spaces. Safety Information. Available online at:
http://www.smartspacesonline.com/safety_information.htm.
[9] Wells, RE., Slocombe, RF and Trapp, AL. 1982. Acute toxicosis of budgerigars (Melopsittacus
undulatus) caused by pyrolysis products from heated polytetrafluoroethylene: clinical study. Am J
Vet Res 43(7): 1238-42.
[10] Nottingham Internet Resources. 2002. Popular Gas Grills. Cooking on The Gas Grill. Available
online at: http://www.barbecuen.com/gas-cook.htm.
[11] Boucher, M., Ehmler, TJ and Bermudez, AJ. 2000. Polytetrafluoroethylene gas intoxication in
broiler chickens. Avian Dis 44(2): 449-53.
[12] Stewart, Robert. May 9, 2003 personal communication.
Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C) conversion:
|
1,500 F (816 C) |
|
1,202 F (650 C) |
|
1,112 F (600 C) |
|
1,000 F (538 C) |
|
932 F (500 C) |
|
887 F (475 C) |
|
878 F (470 C) |
|
800 F (427 C) |
|
750 F (399 C) |
|
700 F (371 C) |
|
680 F (360 C) |
|
662 F (350 C) |
|
536 F (280 C) |
|
500 F (260 C) |
|
464 F (240 C) |
|
396 F (202 C) |
|
350 F (177 C) |
|
325 F (162 C) |
